Grisell Starita-Fajardo 1, David Lucena-López 1, María Asunción Ballester-Martínez 2, Montserrat Fernández-Guarino 2, Andrés González-García Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 26;24(21):15622. doi: 10.3390/ijms242115622

Neutrophilic dermatoses (NDs) are a group of noninfectious disorders characterized by the presence of a sterile neutrophilic infiltrate without vasculitis histopathology. Their physiopathology is not fully understood. The association between neutrophilic dermatoses and autoinflammatory diseases has led some authors to propose that both are part of the same spectrum of diseases. The classification of NDs depends on clinical and histopathological features. This review focuses on the recent developments of treatments in these pathologies.

AM Varghese1, PK Uppala2, RK Keelu1, SV Sai Krishna3, NV Kandra1, U Uttaravalli4, VS Somarouthu5 and M K Balijepalli
SA Pharmaceutical Journal 90, 51, 2023

Sweet syndrome (SS) is an uncommon auto-inflammatory disorder presenting with acute pyrexia, leucocytosis and erythematous skin lesions with dense neutrophilic dermal infiltration. SS is seen as adverse reaction to some drugs, microbes and is associated with certain myeloproliferative or haematological neoplasms and is also seen with autoimmune diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. A female aged 43 years, came to the hospital with high fever and erythematous, pus-filled plaques and nodules on her face, neck, shoulders and extremities, after taking cotrimoxazole (antibacterial agent) in tablet form 480 mg twice daily for five days for urinary tract infection. The diagnosis of SS was arrived upon from the biopsy reports showing predominant neutrophilic infiltrate, and relevant laboratory tests. Treatment included oral prednisone (corticosteroid) and the symptoms resolved in two months.

Koji Kamiya ¹, Yumi Aoyama ², Mariko Kawata ², Tetsuya Takiguchi ³, Seiko Mitsui ², Yoshiki Tokura ⁴, Keiji Iwatsuki ² , Eur J Dermatol. 2015 Apr;25(2):189-90.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26075324/

Tomomi Fujisawa ¹, Kana Murase, Yoko Okumura, Hiroyuki Kanoh, Tomoaki Doi, Shouzo Yoshida, Shinji Ogura, Mariko Seishima

Ther Apher Dial 2011 Aug;15(4):374-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-9987.2011.00961.x. Epub 2011 Jun 7.

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is one of the neutrophilic dermatoses mainly caused by activated neutrophils and monocytes. Granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis (GCAP) is a useful extracorporeal circulation therapy for removal of activated granulocytes and monocytes. In this study, GCAP was used to treat three patients with different types of GPP; the diagnoses indicated patient 1 had GPP, patient 2 had GPP developed from psoriasis vulgaris and patient 3 had GPP based on psoriatic erythroderma. We performed GCAP on each of these patients once a week, for a total of five times. We found that the patients‘ pustules and edema disappeared and their erythema was reduced by GCAP therapy. Moreover, no adverse effects were observed. Thus, we conclude GCAP could be effective for treating various types of GPP.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21884472/

Takuro Kanekura ¹, Katsuya Hiraishi, Koichi Kawahara, Ikuro Maruyama, Tamotsu Kanzaki

Ther Apher Dial 2006 Jun;10(3):247-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-9987.2006.00369.x.

In the present study, we have shown that granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis (GCAP), an extracorporeal apheresis instrument whose column contains cellulose acetate (CA) beads, is useful for skin diseases attributable to activated granulocytes and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We assessed the clinical effectiveness of GCAP and investigated the mechanisms underlying the adsorption of pathogenic granulocytes. The effect of GCAP was assessed in 14 patients with neutrophilic dermatoses and 16 with PsA. The mechanisms by which the instrument adsorbs activated granulocytes were investigated using an in vitro mini-column system that mimics the GCAP. Skin lesions and arthropathy improved in 22 of 29 patients (75.9%) and 14 of 18 (77.8%), respectively. Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) expression on the peripheral neutrophils, increased compared with normal subjects, was reduced by GCAP. In the mini-column system, CA beads adsorbed 50% neutrophils; and adsorption was inhibited significantly by treating plasma with EDTA and blood cells with antihuman CD11b monoclonal antibody. GCAP was useful for treating neutrophilic dermatoses and PsA. GCAP adsorbs Mac-1-expressing neutrophils to the CA beads by the binding of complement component (iC3b) on CA beads and CD11b expressed on activated neutrophils.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16817789/