Alvaro A Pineda ¹ , Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006 Jan;12 Suppl 1:S10-4.

Initially used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, nonselective therapeutic leukocytapheresis was applied to the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as early as the 1980s. Since then, the process has been further refined and 2 blood perfusion systems using membrane filtration are presently employed in Japan and Europe for the selective removal of leukocytes in patients with IBD: Cellsorba is a column of polyethylenephtarate fibers that captures lymphocytes and granulocytes, and Adacolumn is a column of cellulose acetate beads that selectively adsorb granulocytes and monocytes. These systems overcome the limitations of centrifugation. Leukocytapheresis has been shown to exert an overall anti-inflammatory effect, as peripheral leukocytes demonstrated a diminished capacity to produce inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1beta. In addition, down-regulation in the expression of adhesion molecule L-selectin and a shift toward a more immature granulocyte phenotype were observed in the peripheral blood. The safety and beneficial therapeutic effect of leukocytapheresis in IBD are being investigated further.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16378005/

Takayuki Yamamoto ¹, Abbi R Saniabadi, Satoru Umegae, Koichi Matsumoto, Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006 Aug;12(8):719-26.

Depleting granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages by SLA should mitigate cytokine profiles in the intestinal mucosa and correct an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in active UC.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16917227/

Mitsuhiko Moriyama ¹, Miki Kaneko, Hiroshi Matsumura, Akiko Fukushima, Hiroshi Aoki, Naohide Tanaka, Kazumichi Kuroda, Kazufumi Shimizu, Katsuya Hiraishi, Yasuyuki Arakawa, Intervirology. 2005;48(2-3):84-8.

Our in vitro study confirmed that G-1 beads adsorbed HCV; therefore, apheresis using a column filled with G-1 beads may reduce the HCV RNA load in the blood of patients with chronic hepatitis C.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15812179/

Helmut M Diepolder ¹, Nobuhito Kashiwagi, Gerlinde Teuber, Axel Ulsenheimer, Marita Franz, Takashi Yokoyama, Reinhart Zachoval, J Med Virol. 2005 Oct;77(2):209-15.

 The results indicate that activation of cellular immunity by leucocytapheresis facilitates an early virological response rate in HCV patients. This new therapy may, therefore, become an additional therapeutic measure for HCV.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16121358/

K Sawada ¹, N Masaki, S Hayashi, M Zeniya, T Ishikawa, H Takahashi, K Ohnishi, K Fukunaga, N Hara, T Yamamoto, T Hada, G Toda, J Viral Hepat. 2005 May;12(3):274-82.

In conclusion, enhanced efficacy of IFN/RBV following GMA might be attributed to a more efficient immune function and a renewed IFN signaling towards HCV.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15850468/

Toshifumi Hibi ¹, Atsushi Sakuraba, Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 May;2(5):200-1.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16265186/

Abbi R. Saniabadi, Hiroyuki Hanai, Yasuo Suzuki, Toshihide Ohmori, Koji Sawada, Naoki Yoshimura, Yasushi Saito, Yuji Takeda, Kazuo Umemura, Kazunao Kondo, Yasuhiko Ikeda, Ken Fukunaga, Mitsuyoshi Nakashima, Alberto Beretta, Ingvar Bjarnason, Robert Lofberg, https://doi.org/10.1002/jca.20046

In conclusion, selective depletion of myeloid cells appears to induce anti-inflammatory effects and represents a non-pharmacological treatment for patients with active IBD. The treatment has a clear drug-sparing role. Changes in blood levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors are thought to contribute to the efficacy of this procedure.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jca.20046

Russell D Cohen, Gastroenterology. 2005 Jan;128(1):235-6.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15633142/

Koji Sawada ¹, Kunio Ohnishi, Takeshi Kusaka, Yoshika Matoba, Ken Fukunaga, Dig Dis Sci. 2005 Aug;50(8):1533-4.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16110849/

Steven J Brown, Thomas Ullman, David B Sachar, J Clin Gastroenterol. Nov-Dec 2005;39(10):845-6.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16208106/